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3º Encontro de veículos antigos km Rodados

segunda-feira, 29 de setembro de 2014

XXXII Encontro de Automóveis Antigos de Teresópolis – Cobertura

Antigos invadem a Serra,  XXXII Exposição de Veículos Antigos de Teresópolis. dia 28 de setembro.

segunda-feira, 22 de setembro de 2014

VI Encontro de Veículos Antigos do Fuscamania – Cabo Frio, RJ


=== COBERTURA ===

VI Encontro de Veículos Antigos do Fuscamania – Cabo Frio, RJ

O ADEUS À UMA JOVEM 'FUSCAMANÍACA' - Essa é sem dúvida uma das mais difíceis coberturas de encontros que já tivemos que fazer, nesses quase 10 anos de Portal Maxicar. O que era para ser um momento de conquista e alegria para Associação de Fuscas e Veículos Antigos de Cabo Frio — ou simplesmente Fuscamania — acabou se transformando numa tragédia familiar. Desde já, pedimos desculpas se não encontrarmos ‘o tom certo’ para essa reportagem. Decidimos deixar de lado a cobertura em si, para somente prestar uma homenagem à Juliana Martins Afonso.
• SAIBA MAIS: http://www.maxicar.com.br/old/eventosefatos/34667901cabofrio0914_c.asp








Essa é sem dúvida uma das mais difíceis coberturas de encontros que já tivemos que fazer, nesses quase 10 anos de Portal Maxicar. O que era para ser um momento de conquista e alegria para Associação de Fuscas e Veículos Antigos de Cabo Frio — ou simplesmente Fuscamania — acabou se transformando numa tragédia familiar. Desde já, pedimos desculpas se não encontrarmos ‘o tom certo’ para essa reportagem. Decidimos deixar de lado a cobertura em si, para somente prestar uma homenagem.
Filha de Elizete e Edson Martins, respectivamente presidente e diretor do Fuscamania, a jovem Juliana Martins Afonso estava muito contente na manhã de sábado, 20 de setembro. Onde queria: participando do encontro anual do clube, que acontecia no estacionamento do Shopping Park Lagos. Trabalhava na barraca de venda de artesanatos. Havia passado toda a semana em São Paulo, fazendo exames no Instituto do Coração. Mas fez questão de voltar a Cabo Frio a tempo de participar do encontro. Quando chegamos, sua mãe, Elizete, veio logo nos contar que a família inteira estava vibrando, já que haviam conseguido marcar a cirurgia da “Ju” para novembro.
Minutos depois, a jovem passaria mal e seria levada a uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Mas já era tarde e  não havia mais nada que os médicos pudessem fazer. Com a triste notícia, um clima de verdadeira comoção tomou conta dos antigomobilistas que participavam do evento, que estava apenas começando. Chocados e atônitos, os organizadores não sabiam o que fazer. Imediatamente a música ambiente cessou. A pedido de Edson e Elizete, decidiu-se por dar continuidade à festa, em respeito aos participantes presentes e aos que estavam ainda sendo aguardados. Foi mantido até mesmo o coquetel com baile, naquela noite. Decidimos não comparecer, por acharmos que não nos sentiríamos confortáveis cobrindo uma festa, num momento de luto. Não poderíamos sequer publicar as fotos aqui.
No dia seguinte, enquanto aconteciam o velório e o funeral, os antigomobilistas que chegavam eram recebidos por membros do Fuscamania, numa demonstração de superação e consideração aos que viajaram para estar ali. Por volta do meio dia, um buzinaço homenageou a antigomobilista de apenas 24 anos. 
Juliana e Giovanni: história de amor graças ao Fusca



Comerciante de profissão, Juliana era uma “fuscamaníaca de carteirinha”. Como não poderia deixar de ser, levou seu Fusca 1970 da cor branco lotus ao encontro. No bagageiro de teto uma antiga bicicleta dobrável da mesma época. Casada há apenas um ano, conheceu seu marido — Giovanni Moreira Afonso — em um dos eventos organizados por seus pais. Nascido em Petrópolis – RJ Giovanni é também um apaixonado pelo Besouro, e não tardou a incluir o seu 1968 vermelho na Família Martins, que possui também um 1973 azul, além de uma Variant e um TL. Família linda, ainda mais unida por causa dos Volkswagens.
Ironia do destino, para divulgar o evento, o jornal fluminense O Dia publicou ontem, um dia depois da morte de Juliana, uma reportagem que fala justamente da história de amor do casal. Segundo palavras do próprio Giovanni:






Fonte :http://www.maxicar.com.br
Texto: Fernando Barenco
Fotos e edição: Fátima Barenco e Fernando Barenco




sexta-feira, 12 de setembro de 2014

History fiat cars

List of Fiat passenger cars

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A full list of models produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Fiat since 1899. The list is compiled by year and order of distribution:



Fiat 509

History

Fiat demonstrates the intrinsic biblical-endorsed power of words through a simple spelling exercise. Fiat. Simple, isn't it? It sound whole and commanding and besides being and acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, it also means “let there be” in Latin. Mimicking the Genesis show, episode 1, “Let there be light”, a group of skilled business men who bought the factory during the early 1910s, said “Let there be cars”. And there were cars alright.

Fiat 1899 to 1911


The charter of Società Anonima Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino or Fiat, was signed on July 11, 1899. Giovanni Agnelli was on the Board of Directors, but quickly distinguished himself as the Company's innovator. He was determined Fiat would be highly successful and had great strategic vision. Because of these qualities, he became Managing Director of Fiat in 1902.

Fiat's First Factories and Races

In 1900, the first Fiat factory opened in corso Dante, in Turin, with a workforce of 150 people. Fiat saw 24 cars roll off the assembly line that first year, including the company's first model, the 3 ½ CV. By 1904, a Fiat logo had been designed as an oval with a blue background. When Italy hosted the first Car Tour of the country, nine Fiats crossed the finish line. By 1902, driver Vincenzo Lancia won the Sassi-Superga uphill race, in the famous Fiat 24 hp model. Giovanni Agnelli, President of Fiat, represented the company on the racetrack, driving an 8 hp Fiat in the second Italian Car Tour and set a record in that race.

In 1908, Fiat opened the Fiat Automobile Company in the US. The Company grew in leaps and bounds: at that time, a Fiat was a luxury item in America, costing thousands more than the average domestic car of the period. Fiat continued to grow at a swift rate and it wasn't long before the company expanded its product line with trucks, trams, marine engines and commercial vehicles.

Towards the end of Fiat's early production period, the company was to undergo some changes, and overhaul its production. Fiat began fitting its cars with electrical accumulators, and also patented the cardan transmission. 

The first FIAT branded automobile rolled out the factory sometime in 1901. Engineered by talented Ceirano employee Faccioli, the coach-looking car was powered by a 2 cylinder archaic Boxer 3 hp engine. The investment group heads approached Faciolli on developing a front-engined vehicle. Faciolli's response was not the expected one: he resigned.

Like any company would have done, a replacement was sought and found in the blink of an eye. Enrico took on the job and in a year's time he presented a new 1.2 liter four cylinder model, developed with technology borrowed from Mercedes.

As time went by, the company gained in popularity and although it was becoming bigger by the day, it still hadn't exited its lengthy development and research stages. After many tryouts using 4 and 6 cylinder models, FIAT was ready to reveal its first mass-produced car, the 1912 “Tipo Zero”.

Pre-war time was soon to be over and FIAT would plunge in boringly new production stages to cover for aircraft and tank demands. Post-war times however would bring Fiat lots of sales-figures related merriment – the 501 Cavalli designed model was built in over 45,000 units by 1926. After experimenting with some floppy luxurious big engined models, Fiat resumed the development of its highly popular models. The result was the 509, a light weight vehicle that exceeded every FIAT sales record to that time: by 1929, it had sold in more than 90,000 units.

A series of newer models that matched or even surpassed the popularity of those before them were later released, some of the most notable having been the 1932 Tipo 508 Ballila. Sporting 995cc 25hp and 36 hp engines, the car was adopted by foreign producers. License-built rebadged versions of the Ballila were successfully sold in Germany, Czechoslovakia and France.

A few years before the WWII outbreak, FIAT was quick to release the long lived 1500 and Tipo 500 models, the latter having stayed almost unaltered until 1948. When the war came Fiat was enjoyed an even greater popularity thanks to its top-selling models at the time, the 500 and the 1100, almost known as the Millecento. Although no major improvements were made in the immediate post-war years, the Italian company reached the amazing threshold of 1 million units of the 600 model – the Topolino replacement -sold.

Still, Fiat had now ended growing. The 1957 released twin-cylinder Nuova 500 model was built in over 3 million units. In the same tradition of developing immensely popular models, FIAT launched the 124 in 1966, a car that would become one of the most widely known, right next to the 500. The Fiat sports cars had their own share of acclaim, especially the Dino V6 equipped with the 1987 cc Ferrari double overhead camshaft engine.

Speaking of Ferrari, it was later absorbed by Fiat, in 1969 to be precise. The same year, Lancia was acquired. Having turned into a large group, FIAT co-opted Abrth as well in 1971. Presently, Fiat is developing a new range of sedans and city cars and has hi the jackpot with the rival of the 500 and the Punto models.

Contents


1899–1929

1930–1939

1948–1965






Fiat Dino Coupé

1966–1979

1980–1989


1990-1999


Fiat Marea Weekend JTD

2001–2009


Grande Punto

Fiat 500L

Fiat Linea

2011–present



FONTE: http://www.lifeinitaly.com/italian-cars/fiat-history.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_Automobiles


sábado, 6 de setembro de 2014

Puma: 50 anos de uma história esportiva


A Puma é a marca brasileira de automóveis mais esportiva de todos os tempos. Se isso já não bastasse para ela ter um lugar de destaque no coração dos fãs de automobilismo do País, a marca cinquentenária foi fundada pela lenda Genaro "Rino" Malzoni.

O primeiro Puma, feito ainda com carroceria de metal, estreou em 1964 no Grande Prêmio das Américas, em Interlagos, sendo vitorioso em cinco corridas posteriores. O modelo desbancou carros já famosos como o Renault Dauphine e Willys Interlagos. Tinha um motor de 1.080 cm³ da Vemag mais potente que gerava 106 cv.

Para as corridas e mais alguns amigos, Malzoni produziu 15 unidades do modelo, ainda chamado apenas pelo sobrenome de seu criador. Somente dois anos depois, em 1966, o carro, com discretíssimos retoques, carroceria de fibra feita pela Lumimari e plataforma DKW, leva o nome Puma GT. O visual, livremente inspirado no da Ferrari 275 GTB, logo faz sucesso e 34 unidades são vendidas.




Em 1968, Malzoni troca a DKW pela Karman-Guia e aumenta a produção, que chega a 151 unidades, crescimento de cerca de 350% em dois anos. A mesma compra da DKW Vemag pela Volkswagen, que fez Malzoni trocar a plataforma para a Karman, foi a responsável pela introdução histórica do motor do Fusca no Puma, um boxer a ar de 1,5 litro.

O Puma 1600 GTE surge em 1970, já com o boxer 1.6 e com a pompa da marca ter sido exposta em uma feita de tecnologia em Sevilha, na Espanha. No ano seguinte Malzoni cria o GTE Spider, primeiro conversível da marca. Ele tinha opções de capotas de lona ou até uma rígida, que não foi muito bem aceita pelos compradores do carro pela pouca praticidade e logo foi abandonada.





No ano de 1973 o Puma conversível passa a se chamar GTS, já dono de uma carroceria nova e mais moderna, com foco nos detalhes e na qualidade de construção. Por sorte da Malzoni, o Puma na época passava a ser o único conversível do mercado, pois a Karman havia desistido de uma versão sem capota por causa de falhas técnicas e de infiltração.

As vendas explodiram, mas o que parecia um golpe de sorte resultou em um problema para a Puma. A vedação abaixo da crítica da capota de lona, que deixava entrar muita água, ruído da rua e do motor e até poeira, fez chover reclamações. O processo de fabricação da lona foi sendo aprimorado aos poucos junto da baixa rigidez torcional da carroceria em curvas. Especialistas em carros antigos afirmam que a melhor safra do conversível é a de 77.



Ainda em 73 surge a primeira novidade real da Puma em anos, o GTO. O modelo é lançado no Salão do Automóvel e, quando começa a ser vendido no ano seguinte, ganha o nome de GTB, com motorzão seis cilindros e câmbio do Chevrolet Opala. Muito caro, o novo automóvel da Puma viu a fila de espera pela sua compra rarear rapidamente até ser "morto" pelo Ford Maverick GT e seu V8.



Problemas de saúde afastam Malzoni da fabricante e seus sócios fundam uma nova empresa, a Puma Industrial, e fazem do criador da marca um mero acionista minoritário. O enfraquecimento institucional da empresa e a pressão das grandes montadoras junto ao governo jogam a Puma no limbo da falência em 1985.
Ela é comprada pelas paranaenses Araucária Veículos e depois Alfa Metais, mas segue mal até fechar as portas em definitivo, em 1990, com a abertura das vendas de carros importados no Brasil. Mas Malzoni não vê esse final triste. Já havia morrido em 1979 por um problema na válvula mitral.
Veja a avaliação em vídeo de um GTS 77 feita especialmente para os 50 anos da Puma:


Veja o vídeo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADbDtI_25vU

Fonte: http://www.estadao.com.br/jornal-do-carro/noticias/antigos,puma-50-anos-de-uma-historia-esportiva,20879,0.htm



segunda-feira, 1 de setembro de 2014

Mercedes-Benz

 
Mercedes-Benz
Division
Industry Automotive industry
Predecessor Benz & Cie. (1883-1926)
Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (1890-1926)
Founded 1926; 90 years ago
Founder Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler
Headquarters Stuttgart, Germany
Number of locations
Indonesia
India
United States
Malaysia
Singapore
Brunei
China
Taiwan
Canada
Germany
Russia
South Africa
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Dieter Zetsche, Chairman
Products Automobiles
Trucks
Buses
Internal combustion engines
Luxury vehicles
Services Financial services
automobile repair
Owner Daimler AG
Divisions Mercedes-AMG
Mercedes-Maybach
Slogan The Best or Nothing
Website www.mercedes-benz.com/en/

How it all Began 1834: Gottlieb Daimler.

'It’s not the idea, it’s the implementation that counts.'
Gottlieb Daimler is born on 17 March 1834 in Schorndorf. After training as a gunsmith and working in France, he attends the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart from 1857 to 1859. After completing various technical activities in France and England, he starts work as a draftsman in Geislingen in 1862. At the end of 1863, he is appointed workshop inspector in a machine tool factory in Reutlingen, where he meets Wilhelm Maybach in 1865. In 1872, he becomes Technical Director of the gas engine manufacturer Deutz Gasmotorenfabrik, where he becomes familiar with Otto’s four-stroke technology. After differences with the Managing Director, he leaves the company in 1882. Daimler sets up a development workshop in his greenhouse at his Cannstatt villa to concentrate on developing petrol-driven four-stroke engines. Working with Wilhelm Maybach in 1884, he develops an internal combustion engine known today as the 'Grandfather Clock'. With its compact, low-weight design, the machine forms the basis for installation in a vehicle. The costs of trial operations soon consume Daimler’s entire fortune, however, so he is obliged to find business partners. He founds 'Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft' on 28 November 1890 together with Max Duttenhofer and his business partner Wilhelm Lorenz. But while Duttenhofer wants to produce stationary engines, Daimler prefers to focus on vehicle production, and a dispute ensues.
After Wilhelm Maybach resigns in 1891 due to unacceptable terms of contract, Daimler resorts to a ruse. He continues to build engines with Maybach, but the patents are all in his name. The increasingly tense relationship with Duttenhofer and Lorenz lead them to exclude Daimler as a shareholder. A deterioration in finances leads to stagnating technical development, which prompts DMG to attempt to reinstate Maybach in 1895. He refuses, pointing out that he would not come back without Daimler. In the end, commercial pressures result in both of them returning to the company. Thanks to the Phoenix engine built by Maybach, the Daimler engine gains popularity abroad. A group of English industrialists are prepared to pay 350,000 Marks for licensing rights. Maybach is appointed Technical Director of DMG, and Gottlieb Daimler receives a position on the Technical Board and becomes the Inspector General of the Supervisory Board. The return of both men to DMG is an unexpected boost for the company. Gottlieb Daimler enjoys this rapid development for only a short period of time. He dies of heart disease on 6 March 1900.

How it all Began 1844: Carl Benz.

'Love of invention will never die'
Carl Benz is born in Karlsruhe on 25 November 1844. His father dies in July 1846. Despite living on limited financial means, his mother ensures that her son attends a grammar school and later studies mechanical engineering. The young engineer advances quickly from a locksmith to a designer and workshop foreman. In 1871, Carl Benz joins forces with 'mechanician' August Ritter to found his first company, 'Carl Benz and August Ritter, Engineering Workshop', in Mannheim. When Ritter emerges as an unreliable partner, Carl Benz is forced to pay him off using the dowry of his wife, Bertha Ringer, and runs the company alone. From 1878, Carl Benz works intensively on a gas-driven two-stroke engine to realise his vision of a 'vehicle without horses'. After long and laborious attempts, he gets the engine running for the first time on New Year’s Eve in 1879. He founds the 'Gasmotorenfabrik Mannheim' (Mannheim Gas Engine Factory) as a shareholding company in October 1882. Benz’s share in the company amounts to a mere 5 per cent, however, and he has only limited influence in technical areas. His backers are primarily concerned with the safe business of stationary gas engines.
Benz leaves the company in January 1883 and joins forces with new business partners Max Rose and Friedrich Wilhelm Esslinger. They found the company 'Benz & Cie. Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik Mannheim' (Benz & Co. Rhine Gas Engine Factory Mannheim' and launch the two-stroke 'System Benz' engine. While Benz strives to implement his automotive vision, his business partners Rose and Esslinger are sceptical of the outcome. Carl Benz is once again faced with finding new investors. Julius Ganss and Friedrich von Fischer replace Rose and Esslinger in May 1890. The combined business model of producing stationary and vehicle engines is a success. But Benz wanted to focus exclusively on vehicles and starts the company 'Carl Benz Söhne' (Carl Benz & Sons) in Ladenburg in 1906. In 1912, Carl Benz resigns as Managing Director and transfers sole management control to his sons. He witnesses the rise of motorisation and the implementation of his ideas. On his 80th birthday, the 'once ridiculed and misunderstood inventor,' as he has been seen in the past, enjoys plaudits from around the world. In his last years (1926 to 1929), Carl Benz remains active as a Board Member of the new Daimler-Benz AG company. The automobile pioneer dies at his home in Ladenburg on 4 April 1929.

How it all Began 1846: Wilhelm Maybach.

The king of designers
Wilhelm Maybach is born in Heilbronn on 9 February 1846 as the son of a master joiner. Orphaned at ten years old following the death of both parents within three years of each another, Wilhelm is adopted into the Reutlinger Bruderhaus in 1856 after friends of the family print an announcement in the 'Stuttgarter Anzeiger' newspaper. It is during his schooling at the Bruderhaus that Wilhelm Maybach first becomes acquainted with Gottlieb Daimler whilst working in the machine shop in 1864. Their close relationship will endure throughout their lives. Wilhelm Maybach initially follows Daimler to Karlsruhe and then in 1872 to the engine manufacturer Deutz. Following a brief stint employed as a draughtsman, he is appointed head designer in January 1873. When Gottlieb Daimler leaves the Deutz Gasmotorenfabrik following internal wranglings, Wilhelm Maybach joins his friend in Cannstatt in October 1882. Here they collaborate in the development of a lightweight, high-speed combustion engine. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) is founded in November 1890 by Daimler and two business partners, Max Duttenhofer and Wilhelm Lorenz. Although Wilhelm Maybach was in line to assume the position of head designer, he is unhappy with contractual terms and leaves DMG in February 1891. What follows is a remarkable temporary solution. Secretly funded by Daimler, Maybach continues to improve his mobility concept.
Working with a small team in the Hotel Hermann in Cannstatt, he develops significant design concepts, including the belt drive, the Phoenix engine and the spray nozzle carburettor – inspirations that are used in the automobile industry for decades to come. Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach are reinstated at DMG in November 1895 at the behest of English industrialist Frederick Simms, who negotiates a substantial licensing business with the company. Maybach’s primary objective is to re-establish DMG’s competitive capacity through technical innovation and reliable products. Extensive development work is implemented to advance the concepts devised in the Hotel Hermann to series production status. The most significant outcome is the belt-driven car, the first automobile to be produced by DMG in considerable quantity. Following the death of Max von Duttenhofer in August 1903, Maybach’s standing within the company gradually deteriorates, leading to his eventual resignation from DMG in April 1907. Embittered by his treatment, Maybach goes into business with his sons constructing the now legendary vehicles bearing his own name. Wilhelm Maybach dies in Cannstatt on 29 December 1929 at the age of 83.
This is where the automobile pioneer is also buried – close to the grave of Gottlieb Daimler at the Uff-Kirchhof cemetery.

How it all Began 1882 Engine development.

Test workshop in Stuttgart-Cannstatt
After leaving the gas engine works following a dispute with management in 1882, Gottlieb Daimler purchases a villa in Cannstatt (Taubenheimstrasse). He immediately sets about upgrading the greenhouse on the property by adding an extension to create his own testing workshop. The refuge in the Taubenheimstrasse is an ideal retreat for the close-knit partnership of Daimler and Maybach to continue their research. Daimler’s vision was to focus on petrol as the fuel used in engines being built into all conceivable types of vehicle – whether for land, sea or air operation. The crucial technology that provides the solution is discovered by Maybach after poring over extensive research carried out by an Englishman named Watson in one of his patents. The patent suggests the possibility of using an unregulated hot-tube ignition system, an essential prerequisite for attaining higher speeds without needing lighter, more powerful engines. The first design developed in the Cannstatt testing workshop by the two engineers is an “engine featuring unregulated hot-tube ignition system” based on the four-stroke principle pioneered by Otto, and subsequently patented by Daimler (DRP 28022).

By the end of 1883, the first (still horizontal) high-speed test engine is up and running. Delivering an engine speed of 600 rpm, this engine easily surpasses the maximum speed limit of 120–180 rpm produced by previous engines. Using this 'small model engine' as a basic concept, Daimler and Maybach go on to develop the renowned Daimler single-cylinder engine, referred to today as the 'Grandfather Clock', which was a key milestone in the history of automotive production.

Lightweight and reasonably priced, this two-seater car is considered the first mass-produced automobile, with a production count of around 1200 units. In 1897, Benz developed the 'contra' engine, the forerunner to today’s boxer engines. This allows the company to satisfy the increasing demand for vehicles featuring higher engine outputs. Between 1890 and 1899, the workforce increases from 50 employees to 430. A total of 572 vehicles are produced by Benz in the financial year 1899, rising to 603 in the following year.

How it all Began 1883 Benz & Cie.

The first steps Benz & Co. Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik (renamed Benz & Cie. in 1899) is founded in Mannheim by Carl Benz in October 1883 in collaboration with businessman Max Kaspar Rose and sales representative Friedrich Wilhelm Esslinger. Proving an immediate success, the company workforce increases rapidly to 25 employees. The newly established business even grants licenses for building gas engines. Due to a growing demand for stationary engines, Benz & Co. Rheinische Gasmotoren-Fabrik is compelled to relocate to more spacious factory premises. While Carl Benz is working vigorously on the development of a car engine, his business partners Rose and Esslinger are becoming increasingly sceptical of the future prospects for Benz’s brainchild. They are replaced in May 1890 by Julius Ganss and Friedrich von Fischer. On his departure, Rose even leaves Benz with the well-intended snippet of advice: “Don’t waste your time on motor cars.” The appointment of the new partners sees Rheinischen Gasmotoren-Fabrik Benz & Cie. evolve to become the second-largest engine manufacturer in Germany, and the world’s leading producer of automobiles up to the turn of the century. The economic breakthrough comes with the four-wheeled motorised Velocipede – commonly known as the “Velo” – which is produced between 1894 and 1901.

How it all Began 1884 The 'Grandfather Clock' engine.

The first contemporary automobile
Working together in the Cannstatt district of Stuttgart, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach are faced with a considerable challenge: To develop a high-performance engine capable of driving a vehicle. Due to their weight and size, the “drive machines” available at the time are unsuitable for installation in a motor carriage. The two engineers would have to develop miniature versions of existing designs to produce a drive concept in line with Daimler’s plans. A light, compact design are key factors in this process. On this basis, Daimler and Maybach build a test engine with a vertical cylinder, which is christened the “Grandfather Clock” due to its appearance. The output of the 1884 design is around 1 hp (0.8 kW) with an engine speed of 600 rpm. The compact, weight-saving construction makes it ideal for installation in vehicles. It is subsequently used in the Daimler Reitwagen (“Riding Car”) and the motor carriage. This design paves the way for Daimler and Maybach to install an engine in a motor vehicle.

How it all Began 1885 The Daimler 'riding car'.

The world’s first motorcycle
Based on the Grandfather Clock template, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach build a smaller single-cylinder engine. The first test object is a bicycle-inspired “carriage” with a strengthened wooden frame. It becomes known as the “Daimler Reitwagen” (“Riding Car”). Installing the engine vertically in the wooden frame, Gottlieb Daimler essentially invents the motorcycle. On 28 August 1885, Daimler is awarded Patent specification DRP 36423 for the “vehicle with gas or petroleum drive machine”.


How it all began 1886 Benz Patent Motor Car.

The world’s first automobile
The financial success of his gas engine factory secures Benz an economic basis, enabling him to devote himself to his vision of an engine-driven vehicle. But since his two-stroke engine is too large and too heavy to be installed in a vehicle, Benz puts all his efforts into the four-stroke principle. Just like Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, he has to find a way to increase engine speed. And, just like the Cannstatt engineers, he focuses on ignition and valve control. Although his engine reaches a speed of “only” 400 rpm and is therefore less efficient than Daimler’s design, it already provides the necessary power to drive a “vehicle without horses”. Carl Benz demonstrates the full extent of his talents in developing the vehicle. Instead of installing his engine in an existing vehicle, he designs his motor car as an integrated independent construction. The primary assembly is the engine with a horizontal cylinder and large, horizontally mounted flywheel. Benz designs his innovative vehicle with three wheels because he is unhappy with the single-pivot steering used in carriages at the time. Testing begins in October 1885. On 29 January 1886, he takes a step of historical significance when he submits a patent application for his “vehicle with gas engine operation” to the Imperial Patent Office. The patent specification for DRP 37435 is recognised today as the “birth certificate” of the automobile and bears the name “Patent-Motorwagen” (“Patent Motor Car”) for the world’s first automobile.

How it all began 1888: Bertha Benz.

The maiden long-distance journey
Bertha and Carl Benz marry on 20 July 1872. Benz later writes in his memoirs: “With this step, an idealist is at my side who knows what she wants, from the small and narrow to the grand, clear and vast.” Supporting all her husband’s activities and sharing his pioneering spirit, Bertha Benz turns out to be a key factor in the success of Carl Benz. She is the first person to undertake a long-distance journey with a petrol-driven automobile. To demonstrate the everyday suitability of the motor car in practice, she drives with her sons Eugen (15) and Richard (14) the 100 km distance from Mannheim to Pforzheim to visit her mother. Her vehicle is the third version of the “Patent Motor Car”, equipped with solid wood spoked wheels and a more powerful engine. Starting at daybreak and following an adventurous drive that requires considerable improvisational talent from Mrs. Benz and her sons on numerous occasions, the travellers arrive in Pforzheim. The return drive five days later leads through Bretten, Bruchsal and Schwetzingen back to Mannheim. The word of this sensation gets out in no time and Bertha Benz has achieved her goal. The critics now knew of the vehicle’s reliability and the Benz Patent Motor Car was the talk of the town.


How it all began 1895: Benz patent motorised omnibus.

The first omnibus with petrol engine
The age of the motorized motor coach dawns on 18 March 1895. The world’s first motor coach, ordered on 19 December 1894 from Benz & Co. in Mannheim, begins a scheduled bus service on the route Siegen–Netphen–Deuz. Due to poor weather and technical problems, the bus service is stopped as early as December 1895. The Daimler omnibus experiences the same fate on the Künzelsau–Mergentheim route. Despite these setbacks, DMG has a wide selection of motor coaches in its sales range to satisfy the increasing demand for motorised omnibuses starting in 1905.

How it all began 1896: Daimler 4 hp truck.

The world’s first truck
The first truck built by the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft is delivered to the British Motor Syndicate, Ltd. in London on 1 October 1896. The world’s first truck is equipped with a 2-cylinder “Phoenix” engine built into the rear end. It develops 4 hp and is designed for a cargo load capacity of 1500 kg. Unlike England, motorised commercial vehicles are initially not in high demand in Germany. This changes in 1906, however, when the Prussian and Bavarian army administrations begin to subsidise trucks suitable for war – leading to a sharp increase in demand.


The businessman and automobile enthusiast, who has domiciles in Baden near Vienna and Nice, buys his first Daimler car in 1897 and from then on demands more powerful and faster vehicles from Maybach and DMG. With spectacular racing victories and impressive sales success, Mercedes vehicles usher in a new era.

How it all began 1901: The first Mercedes.

The first contemporary automobile Due to his premature death, Gottlieb Daimler does not witness one of the most outstanding designs Maybach produced for the joint company. The first Mercedes generates great excitement at the “Nice Race Week” in March 1901. It is a powerful, lightweight vehicle with a low centre of gravity and stands out from all previously built cars. The 35 hp Mercedes is an independent automobile design. It signals the end for the carriages used in automobile manufacturing. The development of this pioneering design, which is considered to the first modern automobile, is not only attributed to the genius of Wilhelm Maybach, but also to the initiative of Emil Jellinek.

How it all Began 1909: The three-pointed star on all routes.

From September 1902 DMG holds the patent for successful “Mercedes” brand name. All that is missing is a characteristic trademark. That’s when the sons of Gottlieb Daimler, Paul and Adolf, remember, that their father previously used a star for a symbol. The DMG Board of Management follows this inspiration and in June 1909 registers both a three-pointed and four-pointed star as trademarks. Both logos are legally protected but it is the three-pointed star that is ultimately used and a three-dimensional star adorns the front radiator of vehicles from 1910 onwards. With the merging of both companies in June 1926, a new brand name is created, which combines the essential elements of the previous emblems.

The world-famous three-pointed star of the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft is framed with the brand name 'Mercedes' as well as with the celebrated brand name 'Benz' – both words connected with a laurel wreath.

The model 'K' is also on display. Based on the 12/100/140 hp vehicle, this special model features a shorter wheelbase and is the fastest touring car in the world. It is added to the standard sales range in April 1927. The new models bear the new trademark – the Mercedes Star. The three-pointed star graces Mercedes-Benz vehicles to this day. It has become a global symbol of quality and safety. And the Mercedes-Benz name is universally associated with tradition, innovation – and the future of the motor car.

How it all Began 1926: Daimler-Benz AG.

The merger
The period after World War I is badly affected by inflation and poor sales figures – especially for luxury goods such as passenger cars. Only strong brands marketed by financially stable companies are able to survive. Businesses are often forced into mergers or partnerships. Competitors for many years, DMG and Benz & Cie. enter into a joint venture in May 1924. They focus on remaining competitive through coordinated designs, production techniques, purchasing strategies, sales and advertising. The joint marketing activities of the “Mercedes” and “Benz” brands are initially handled by the newly founded “Mercedes-Benz Automobil GmbH”. The fusion of the two oldest automotive manufacturers in the world takes place in June 1926 when Daimler-Benz AG is established. The new company presents the first Daimler-Benz product range as early as October at the 1926 Berlin Motor Show. The exhibition sees the unveiling of the first jointly developed passenger car models launched under the new Mercedes-Benz brand name: The 8/38 hp two-litre car (W 02) and the 12/55 hp three-litre model (W 03).

Related.






The German luxury car-manufacturer has been around for more than a century, having elegantly drifted  the both smooth and rough curves of automobile history. Responsible for the modern internal combustion engine's genesis, the 'fathers' of the Mercedes-Benz brand practically invented the automobile. 


Many years ago when mahogany canes and high-top hats were the ultimate fashion and social prominence statements, two men by the names of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler were busy freeing the world from horse-powered  transportation. The 1886 archetype of the modern engine, their device was not a result of team-work but of independent and synchronous research and development. Although both lived in Southern Germany, they never actually met if historical accounts are to be believed.

Despite the equal share of the two engineer's contribution to the development of the four-stroke petrol engine, it was Gottlieb Daimler who garnered more attention that would eventually lead to world-spread fame. Following Daimler's successful results in racing, a wealthy Austrian business man by the name of Emil Jellinek became interested in the Unterturkheim-built cars. Daimler and his chief-engineer, Wilhelm Maybach's work had pleased Jellinek to the extent of him approaching the two with a business proposal: a large number of cars would be ordered in exchange to a name change from Daimler to Mercedes – Jellinek daughter's name -  and the right to alter the car's designs as well as the right to resell the vehicles in some European countries, including Austria, France and Belgium.

Well before the WWI outbreak, Gotllieb Daimler had gained a reputation for his vehicles that was greater than that of Benz. However, the latter would  strive to keep up, managing to stay close to Daimler's tail. In 1908, both manufacturers shared the podium with winnings in the French Grand Prix.

After having converted their factories to cater for Army demands during WWI, the two rivals were brought together by a a series of circumstances, dictated by precarious economic status and impossibility of self-support. Thus, the Daimler's Motorengesellshaft merged with Benz & Cie in 1926, morphing into the larger Daimler – Benz AG.

Ever since, Mercedes-Benz cars have been some of the best cars in the world, standing as symbols of  flawless quality and cutting edge engineering. In fact, the men behind the brand are responsible for the development of countless improvements that cover every inch of a car's anatomy.

Despite having been widely criticized for alleged forced employment and violation of human rights during the Second World War, Mercedes – Benz have been successful at building an automotive empire, strongly supported by some of the company's far-from-average clients, such as state leaders, media moguls and ridiculously rich families.

Mercedes – Benz have become known particularly for their  limousines, most of which can be seen in most movies ever since the Lumiere brothers became famous for their 'little' invention called cinematography. As if outstanding product quality and world fame weren't enough, the Mercedes – Benz team has also fathered tons of innovations, many of them targeting the simple four-cylinder engine.

28 years after Otto revealed his prototype of a four-stroke gasoline engine, Wilhelm Maybach  perfected his idea and built an engine for Daimler to be used in boats only. Development of the engine that would eventually propel land, water and air vehicles fulfilling Daimler's dream, took some 8 years before being fitted on the Daimler Phoenix model, the first vehicle in the world to be equipped with such an engine.

Meanwhile, Karl Benz was busy working on a four-cylinder horizontally-opposed piston engine as an improvement of his 1897 contra-design. 1900saw the release of the improved contra-engine and completion of Benz's work at the time. Some of the advantages the horizontal design had over its in-line counterpart were room and dynamics related. The opposed horizontal placement and firing order of the pistons meant very few vibrations, a lower center of gravity as well as more space for fitting other devices like turbo or superchargers.

The early 1900's brought forth a second series of engineering innovations with Maybach's development of the “hammer” engine-design for Daimler that earned its name thanks to its dual-camshaft controlled lateral intake and exhaust valves; Daimler also came up with the Simplex in 1902, a racing car powered by an in-line four cylinder engine that featured overhead intake valves and rod-driven exhaust valves. To ensure low working temperatures, the Simplex design also boasted double walled cylinders to accommodate an even cooling water flow as close as possible to the heat source.

The origins of hybrid vehicles are not as recent as one  may think. In fact, they can be traced as far back as the 1900's, when the Mercedes Mixte range was released. These cars used 45 or 70 hp engines to power electrical generators. A special device, or 'hub', was then used to convert the obtained electrical energy into drive power. Built by DMG (Daimler Mottorengesellshaft), the vehicles were quite a hit at the time having won races such as the Exelberg.

Mercedes-Benz is also guilty of breaking a number of speed records, among which ramming the 200 km/h barrier is probably the mots notable. The idea of a vehicle that could reach such a speed as early as 1909 seems far fetched today but Benz's Lightning stands proof. Such a performance could only be achieved by displacement growth at the time and despite its lean-sounding name, the Lightning was a monster powered by a 21.5 liter engine.

After several other improvements like the introduction of  3-valve dual-ignition and 4-valve engines, DMG would set foot in the turbocharger era. The company's early involvement in aero-engine construction paid of in 1921 when an engine based on WWI aero-designs was developed by Paul Daimler.

As far as diesel trucks go, Benz did it first. The OB 2 diesel engine was revealed in 1923 and 1924 saw the release of the world's first diesel truck. Soon after Daimler and Benz joined hands in a profitable twirl of brilliant inventions, the 260 D model would premier in 1936: it was the world's first diesel-run passenger car. As expected, several improvements on the 260 D would follow. However, the German manufacturer's quests for leaner diesel engines would soon be hampered by the WWII outbreak.

After taking a forced and most unwelcome break from passenger-car making and engine research during the war, Mercedes – Benz resumed their activities, releasing the 170 V model in 1946. Based on the 260 D, the 4-cylinder 1.7 engine it was equipped with predated the release of the 170 D in 1949, a car that reignited customer's interest in the brand while ensuring the company's comeback.

During the 50's, Mercedes – Benz produced some of their best looking cars ever such as the 190 and 300 SL. The first was a compact roadster that garnered acclaim after setting a new world diesel record in 1959. The latter is none other then the famous gull-winged model that is apparently making a comeback through the SLC model that is still to be revealed. Besides its stunning looks, the 300 SL was the first production vehicle to benefit from early fuel-injection technology.

By the time the 80's came, the world had already grown concerned with the effects of CO2 emissions and overall car pollution. Mercedes – Benz were among the first to comply with regulations through the introduction of the closed-loop three-way catalytic converter in 1985. With this and several oil-filter changes, like easy from-above access, Mercedes – Benz vehicles went further to become even more advanced.

By the early 1990's, their diesel car range had completely switched to four-valve intake/exhaust systems and carburetors were dropped in favor of fuel injection systems. A few years later, Mercedes – Benz moved into developing superchargers which it did through the release of the C 230 Kompressor.

After marking a new era in mechanical supercharging technology, Mercedes went on to cross new borders through the release of new engineering concepts and ground breaking designs. The BlueTec system unveiled in 2005 was developed with only one though in mind: cutting CO2 emissions, achievement made possible through the use of SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction).  Two other notable events occurred the same year with the release of the A 200 Turbo engine for the A-Klasse and the organic-looking Bionic concept.

Mercedes – Benz was the first to fit ABS and ESP systems on its cars and lately it has truly crossed the line with the DiesOtto engine which premiered at the 2004 Frankurt Moto Show. The DiesOtto boasts variable combustion chambers while delivering the advantages of both gasoline and diesel drives. Its CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition) allows the spark plugs to stop firing at higher temperatures when fuel, gasoline in this case, can be ignited the same way diesel can. The route researchers have taken to achieve variable combustion chambers remains unveiled yet although it is sure to be made public in a few years from now when the DiesOtto is likely to start replacing regular engines.




Karl Benz. Benz made the 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, which is widely regarded as the first automobile.


Mercedes-Benz traces its origins to Karl Benz's creation of the first petrol-powered car, the Benz Patent Motorwagen, financed by Bertha Benz[2] and patented in January 1886,and Gottlieb Daimler and engineer Wilhelm Maybach's conversion of a stagecoach by the addition of a petrol engine later that year. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. (Daimler Motors Corporation). Emil Jellinek, an Austrian automobile entrepreneur who worked with DMG created the trademark in 1902, naming the 1901 Mercedes 35hp after his daughter Mercedes Jellinek. The first Mercedes-Benz brand name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger of Karl Benz's and Gottlieb Daimler's companies into the Daimler-Benz company.On 28 June, 1926, Mercedes Benz was formed with the merger of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler's two companies. Throughout the 1930s, Mercedes-Benz produced the 770 model, a car that was popular during Germany's Nazi period. Adolf Hitler was known to have driven these cars during his time in power, with bulletproof windshields.Most of the surviving models have been sold at auctions to private buyers. One of them is currently on display at the War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. The pontiff's Popemobile has often been sourced from Mercedes-Benz.Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that later became common in other vehicles.Mercedes-Benz is one of the best-known and established automotive brands in the world.
For information relating to the famous three-pointed star, see under the title Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft including the merger into Daimler-Benz.

Subsidiaries and alliances

As part of the Daimler AG company, the Mercedes-Benz Cars division includes Mercedes-Benz and Smart car production.

Mercedes-AMG

Mercedes-AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1999.The company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999, and became Mercedes-Benz AMG beginning on 1 January 1999.

Maybach

Daimler's ultra-luxury brand Maybach was under Mercedes-Benz cars division until 2013, when the production stopped due to poor sales volumes. It now exists under the Mercedes-Maybach name, with the models being ultra-luxury versions of Mercedes cars, such as the 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S600.

China

Daimler coorporates with BYD Auto to make and sell a battery-electric car called Denza in China.in 2016, Daimler announced plans to sell Mercedes-Benz branded all-electric battery cars in China.

ProductionFactories

Beside its native Germany, Mercedes-Benz vehicles are also manufactured or assembled in:
Sovereign state Continent Note
Algeria Africa Manufactures buses and trucks in cooperation with SNVI (Actros, Zetros, Unimog, and G-Class, Sprinter).
Argentina South America Manufactures buses, trucks and the Sprinter van. This is the first Mercedes-Benz factory outside of Germany. Built in 1951.
Austria Europe G-Class
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe
Brazil South America Manufactures trucks and buses. Established in 1956. The A-Class (W168) was produced from 1999 to 2005 and the C-Class was produced until 2010 as well.
Canada North America Fuel cell plant in Burnaby, British Columbia opened 2012.
Colombia South America Assembly of buses, Established in Soacha 2012 and Funza 2015
China Asia
Egypt Africa Via Egyptian German Automotive Company E-Class, C-Class and GLK
Finland Europe New A-series (W176) is manufactured in Uusikaupunki since late 2013, being the first M-B passenger car ever built in that country
Hungary[17] Europe
Jordan Asia Bus company factory, Elba House, Amman.
India Asia Bangalore (MBRDI), Pune (Passenger cars).Chennai (Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.) Buses, Trucks & Engine Manufacturing unit.
Indonesia[19] Asia / Australia
Iran [20] Asia
Malaysia Asia Assembly of C, E and S class vehicles by DRB-HICOM.
Mexico North America Mercedes-Benz Mexico fully manufactures some Mercedes and Daimler vehicles completely from locally built parts (C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, International trucks, Axor, Atego, and Mercedes Buses), manufactures other models in complete knock down kits (CL-Class, CLK-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class) and manufactures a select number of models in semi knockdown kits which use both imported components and locally sourced Mexican components (S-Class, CLS-Class, R-Class, GL-Class, Sprinter).
Nigeria Africa Assembly of buses, trucks, utility motors and the Sprinter van
Philippines Asia
Russia Eurasia Joint venture Mercedes-Benz Car Trucks Vostok in Naberezhnye Chelny (jointly Kamaz). Available in trucks Actros, Axor, multi-purpose auto four wheel drive medium trucks Unimog. Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic is also produced in Russia.
Serbia Europe FAP produces Mercedes-Benz trucks under license.
Spain Europe Factory at Vitoria-Gasteiz Mercedes-Benz Vito, Viano and V-Class have been built there.
South Africa[22] Africa The assembly plant is located in East London, in the Eastern Cape province, where both right and left hand versions of the C-class are built.
South Korea Asia Mercedes-Benz Musso and MB100 models manufactured by SsangYong Motor Company.
Thailand Asia Assembly of C, E and S class vehicles by the Thonburi Group
Turkey Eurasia Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş.
United Kingdom Europe The SLR sports car was built at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking. Brackley, Northamptonshire, is home to the Mercedes Grand Prix factory, and Brixworth, Northamptonshire is the location of Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines
United States North America The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class Sport Utility and the full-sized GL-Class Luxury Sport Utility Vehicle are all built at the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International production facility near Tuscaloosa, Alabama.Trucks (6,000 per year in the early eighties) were once assembled in Hampton, VA.
Vietnam Asia Assembly of E-Class, C-Class, S-Class, GLK-Class and Sprinter. Established in 1995.

Quality rankings

Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz had maintained a reputation for its quality and durability. Objective measures looking at passenger vehicles, such as J. D. Power surveys, demonstrated a downturn in reputation in these criteria in the late 1990s and early 2000s. By mid-2005, Mercedes temporarily returned to the industry average for initial quality, a measure of problems after the first 90 days of ownership, according to J. D. Power.In J. D. Power's Initial Quality Study for the first quarter of 2007, Mercedes showed dramatic improvement by climbing from 25th to 5th place and earning several awards for its models.For 2008, Mercedes-Benz's initial quality rating improved by yet another mark, to fourth place.On top of this accolade, it also received the Platinum Plant Quality Award for its Mercedes’ Sindelfingen, Germany assembly plant.J. D. Power's 2011 US Initial Quality and Vehicle Dependability Studies both ranked Mercedes-Benz vehicles above average in build quality and reliability. In the 2011 UK J. D. Power Survey, Mercedes cars were rated above average.A 2014 iSeeCars.com study for Reuters found Mercedes to have the lowest vehicle recall rate.

Models






Mercedes-Benz S-Class (luxury sedan)




Current model range

Mercedes-Benz offers a full range of passenger, light commercial and heavy commercial equipment. Vehicles are manufactured in multiple countries worldwide. The Smart marque of city cars are also produced by Daimler AG.

Vans


Mercedes-Benz produces a range of vans; Citan (a rebadged version of the Renault Kangoo), Vito and Sprinter.

Trucks


Mercedes-Benz Zetros used for snowplowing

Unimog, a famous allround vehicle by Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz Trucks is now part of the Daimler Trucks division, and includes companies that were part of the DaimlerChrysler merger. Gottlieb Daimler sold the world's first truck in 1886.[35] The first factory to be built outside Germany after WWII was in Argentina. It originally built trucks, many of which were modified independently to buses, popularly named Colectivo. Today, it builds buses, trucks and the Sprinter van.[citation needed]

Buses

Main article: Mercedes-Benz buses
Mercedes-Benz produces a wide range of buses and coaches, mainly for Europe and Asia. The first model was produced by Karl Benz in 1895.

Significant models produced

The Mercedes-Benz 600 or 600S Pullman Guard limousines offer the option of armour-plating and have been used by diplomats worldwide.

Car nomenclature

Until 1994, Mercedes-Benz utilized an alphanumeric system for categorizing their vehicles, consisting of a number sequence approximately equal to the engine's displacement in liters multiplied by 100, followed by an arrangement of alphabetical suffixes indicating body style and engine type.
  • "C" indicates a coupe or cabriolet body style (for example, the CL and CLK models, though the C-Class is an exception, since it is also available as a sedan or station wagon).
  • "D" indicates the vehicle is equipped with a diesel engine.
  • "E" (for "Einspritzung") indicates the vehicle's engine is equipped with petrol fuel injection. In most cases (the 600 limousine and Mercedes E-Class being the exceptions), if neither "E" or "D" is present, the vehicle has a petrol engine with a carburettor.
  • "G" was originally used for the Geländewagen off-road vehicle, but is now applied to Mercedes SUVs in general (for example, the GLA and GLK).
  • "K" was used in the 1930s, indicating a supercharger ("Kompressor") equipped engine. Two exceptions : the SSK and CLK, where K indicates "Kurz" (short-wheelbase).
  • "L" indicates "Leicht" (lightweight) for sporting models, and "Lang" (long-wheelbase) for sedan models.
  • "R" indicates "Rennen" (racing), used for racing cars (for example, the 300SLR).
  • "S" Sonderklasse "Special class" for flagship models, including the S-Class, and the SL-Class, SLR McLaren and SLS sportscars.
  • "T" indicates "Touring" and an estate (or station wagon) body style.
Some models in the 1950s also had lower-case letters (b, c, and d) to indicate specific trim levels. For other models, the numeric part of the designation does not match the engine displacement. This was done to show the model's position in the model range independent of displacement or in the price matrix. For these vehicles, the actual displacement in liters is suffixed to the model designation. An exception was the 190-class with the numeric designation of "190" as to denote its entry level in the model along with the displacement label on the right side of the boot (190E 2.3 for 2.3-litre 4-cylinder petrol motor, 190D 2.5 for 2.5-litre 5-cylinder diesel motor, and so forth). Some older models (such as the SS and SSK) did not have a number as part of the designation at all.
For the 1994 model year, Mercedes-Benz revised the naming system. Models were divided into "classes" denoted by an arrangement of up to three letters (see "Current model range" above), followed by a three-digit (or two-digit for AMG models, with the number approximately equal to the displacement in litres multiplied by 10) number related to the engine displacement as before. Variants of the same model such as an estate version or a vehicle with a diesel engine are no longer given a separate letter. The SLR, SLS and GT supercars do not carry a numerical designation.
Today, many numerical designations no longer reflect the engine's actual displacement but more of the relative performance and marketing position. Despite its engine displacement in two litres, the powerplant in the A45 AMG produces 355 brake horsepower so the designation is higher as to indicate the greater performance. Another example is the E250 CGI having greater performance than the E200 CGI due to the different engine tuning even though both have 1.8-litre engines. From the marketing perspective, E200 seems more "upscale" than E180. Recent AMG models use the "63" designation (in honor of the 1960s 6.3-litre M100 engine) despite being equipped with either a 6.2-litre (M156) or 5.5-litre (M157) engine.
Some models carry further designations indicating special features:
  • "4MATIC" indicates the vehicle is equipped with all-wheel-drive.
  • "BlueTEC" indicates a diesel engine with selective catalytic reduction exhaust aftertreatment.
  • "BlueEFFICIENCY" indicates special fuel economy features (direct injection, start-stop system, aerodynamic modifications, etc.)
  • "CGI" (Charged Gasoline Injection) indicates direct gasoline injection.
  • "CDI" (Common-rail Direct Injection) indicates a common-rail diesel engine.
  • "Hybrid" indicates a petrol- or diesel-electric hybrid.
  • "NGT" indicates a natural gas-fueled engine.
  • "Kompressor" indicates a supercharged engine.
  • "Turbo" indicates a turbocharged engine, only used on A-, B-,E- and GLK-Class models.
  • "AMG Line" indicates the interior or engine, depending which car, has been fitted with the luxuries of their AMG sports cars
Model designation badges can be deleted at the request of the customer.

2015 and beyond

Rationalisation of the model nomenclature was announced in November 2014 for future models.The changes consolidate many confusing nomenclature and their placements in the model range such as CL-Class is now called the S-Class Coupé. The naming structure is divided into four categories: core, off-road vehicle/SUV, 4-door coupé, and roadster. AMG GT, and V-Class are unaffected by the change.
Core Off-Road Vehicles/SUV 4-Door Coupé Roadster
A GLA CLA
B
C GLC (GLK) SLC (SLK)
E GLE (ML) CLS
S GLS (GL) SL
N/A G N/A N/A
Note: The CLA is positioned between the A- and B-Class models, while the CLS sits between the E- and S-Classes.
In addition to the revised nomenclature, Mercedes-Benz has new nomenclature for the drive systems.
Current New Example
Natural Gas Drive c for "compressed natural gas" B 200 c
BlueTec CDI d for "diesel" E 350 d GLA 200 d
PLUG-IN HYBRID Electric Drive e for "electric" S 500 e B 250 e
Fuel Cell f for "fuel cell" B 200 f
HYBRID BlueTEC HYBRID h for "hybrid" S 400 h E 300 h
4MATIC 4MATIC E 400 4MATIC
The revised A45 AMG for 2016 model year on has shifted the model designation to the right side while AMG is on the left side.This trend commenced with Mercedes-Maybach with MAYBACH on the left and S500/S600 on the right.

Environmental record

Mercedes-Benz has developed multi concept cars with alternative propulsion, such as hybrid-electric, fully electric, and fuel-cell powertrains. At the 2007 Frankfurt motor show, Mercedes-Benz showed seven hybrid models, including the F700 concept car, powered by a hybrid-electric drivetrain featuring the DiesOtto engine. In 2009, Mercedes-Benz displayed three BlueZERO concepts at the North American International Auto Show. Each car features a different powertrain - battery-electric, fuel-cell electric, and gasoline-electric hybrid.In the same year, Mercedes also showed the Vision S500 PHEV concept with a 19 miles (31 km) all-electric range and CO2 emissions of 74 grams/km in the New European Driving Cycle.
Since 2002, Mercedes-Benz has developed the F-Cell fuel cell vehicle. The current version, based on the B-Class, has a 250-mile range and is available for lease, with volume production scheduled to begin in 2014. Mercedes has also announced the SLS AMG E-Cell, a fully electric version of the SLS sports car, with deliveries expected in 2013.[46] The Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHYBRID was launched in 2009, and is the first production automotive hybrid in the world to use a lithium-ion battery.In mid-2010, production commenced on the Vito E-Cell all-electric van. Mercedes expects 100 vehicles to be produced by the end of 2010 and a further 2000 by the end of 2011.
In 2008, Mercedes-Benz announced that it would have a demonstration fleet of small electric cars in two to three years.Mercedes-Benz and Smart are preparing for the widespread uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in the UK by beginning the installation of recharging points across their dealer networks. So far 20 Elektrobay recharging units, produced in the UK by Brighton-based Elektromotive, have been installed at seven locations as part of a pilot project, and further expansion of the initiative is planned later in 2010.
In the United States, Mercedes-Benz was assessed a record US$30.66 million fine for their decision to not meet the federal corporate average fuel economy standard in 2009.Certain Mercedes-Benz cars, including the S550 and all AMG models sold in the United States, also face an additional gas guzzler tax.However, newer AMG models fitted with the M157 engine will not be subject to the gas-guzzler tax, due to improved fuel economy,and newer models powered by the M276 and M278 engines will have better fuel economy. In 2008, Mercedes also had the worst CO2 average of all major European manufacturers, ranking 14th out of 14 manufacturers.Mercedes was also the worst manufacturer in 2007 and 2006 in terms of average CO2 levels, with 181 g and 188 g of CO2 emitted per km, respectively.

Bicycles

Mercedes-Benz Accessories GmbH introduced three new bicycles in 2005,and the range has developed to include the patent pending Foldingbike in 2007.Other models include the Mercedes-Benz Carbon Bike,Trekking Bike,Fitness Bikeand the Trailblazer Bike.

Motorsport


The two companies which were merged to form the Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926 had both already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout their separate histories. A single Benz competed in the world's first motor race, the 1894 Paris–Rouen, where Émile Roger finished 14th in 10 hours 1 minute. Throughout its long history, the company has been involved in a range of motorsport activities, including sports car racing and rallying. On several occasions Mercedes-Benz has withdrawn completely from motorsport for a significant period, notably in the late 1930s, and after the 1955 Le Mans disaster, where a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR rammed another car (An Austin-Healey), took off into the stands, and killed more than 80 spectators. Stirling Moss and co-driver Denis Jenkinson made history by winning the 1955 Mille Miglia road race in Italy during a record-breaking drive with an average speed of almost 98 mph in a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR.[65]
Although there was some activity in the intervening years, it was not until 1987 that Mercedes-Benz returned to front line competition, returning to Le Mans, Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), and Formula One with Sauber. The 1990s saw Mercedes-Benz purchase British engine builder Ilmor (now Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines), and campaign IndyCars under the USAC/CART rules, eventually winning the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and 1994 CART IndyCar World Series Championship with Al Unser, Jr. at the wheel. The 1990s also saw the return of Mercedes-Benz to GT racing, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, both of which took the company to new heights by dominating the FIA's GT1 class.
Mercedes-Benz is currently active in four motorsport categories, Formula Three, DTM, Formula One and GT3.

Formula One


Mercedes-Benz took part in the world championship in 1954 and 1955, but despite being successful with two championship titles for Juan-Manuel Fangio, the company left the sport after just two seasons. Fangio is considered by many to be the best F1 driver in history.
Mercedes-Benz returned as an engine supplier in the 1990s and part-owned Team McLaren for some years, to which it has supplied engines engineered by Ilmor since 1995. This partnership brought success, including drivers championships for Mika Häkkinen in 1998 and 1999, and for Lewis Hamilton in 2008, as well as a constructors championship in 1998. The collaboration with McLaren had been extended into the production of roadgoing cars such as the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.
In 2007, McLaren-Mercedes was fined a record US$100 million for stealing confidential Ferrari technical data.
In 2009, Ross Brawn's newly conceived Formula One team, Brawn GP used Mercedes engines to help win the constructor's championship, and Jenson Button to become champion in the F1 drivers' championship. At the end of the season, Mercedes-Benz sold its 40% stake in McLaren to the McLaren Group and bought 70% of the Brawn GP team jointly with an Abu Dhabi-based investment consortium. Brawn GP was renamed Mercedes GP for the 2010 season and is, from this season on, a works team for Mercedes-Benz. As of 2015, the company currently provides engines to the Williams F1 Team, Sahara Force India F1 Team and the Lotus F1 Team.
In 2014, Mercedes clinched its first F1 Constructor's title with drivers Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg with 3 races to go, after dominating much of the season. Mercedes repeated its dominance in 2015 in similar fashion, losing only 3 races out of 19 once again.

Logo history

In June 1909, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) registered both a three-pointed and a four-pointed star as trademarks, but only the three-pointed star was used. To DMG, the star symbolized Adolf Daimler's aims for universal motorization: on land, water and in the air.[70]

Noted employees

Innovations

Numerous technological innovations have been introduced on Mercedes-Benz automobiles throughout the many years of their production, including:
  • The internal combustion engine automobile was developed independently by Benz and Daimler & Maybach in 1886
  • Daimler invented the honeycomb radiator of the type still used on all water-cooled vehicles today
  • Daimler invented the float carburetor which was used until replaced by fuel injection
  • The "drop chassis" – the car originally designated the "Mercedes" by Daimler was also the first car with a modern configuration, having the carriage lowered and set between the front and rear wheels, with a front engine and powered rear wheels. All earlier cars were "horseless carriages", which had high centres of gravity and various engine/drive-train configurations
  • The first passenger road car to have brakes on all four wheels (1924)
  • In 1936, the Mercedes-Benz 260 D was the first diesel-powered passenger car.
  • Mercedes-Benz were the first to offer direct fuel injection on the Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing
  • The "safety cage" or "safety cell" construction with front and rear crumple zones was first developed by Mercedes-Benz in 1951. This is considered by many as the most important innovation in automobile construction from a safety standpoint[7][verification needed]
  • In 1959, Mercedes-Benz patented a device that prevents drive wheels from spinning by intervening at the engine, transmission, or brakes. In 1987, Mercedes-Benz applied its patent by introducing a traction control system that worked under both braking and acceleration
  • an Anti-Lock Brake system (ABS) was first offered on the W116 450SEL 6.9. They became standard on the W126 S-Class starting production in 1979 and first sold in most markets in 1980.
  • Airbags were first introduced in the European market, beginning with model year 1981 S-Class.
  • Mercedes-Benz was the first to introduce pre-tensioners to seat belts on the 1981 S-Class. In the event of a crash, a pre-tensioner will tighten the belt instantaneously, removing any 'slack' in the belt, which prevents the occupant from jerking forward in a crash
  • In September 2003, Mercedes-Benz introduced the world's first seven-speed automatic transmission called '7G-Tronic'
  • Electronic Stability Programme (ESP), brake assist,and many other types of safety equipment were all developed, tested, and implemented into passenger cars – first – by Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz has not made a large fuss about its innovations, and has even licensed them for use by competitors – in the name of improving automobile and passenger safety. As a result, crumple zones and anti-lock brakes (ABS) are now standard on all modern vehicles.[7][verification needed]

Mercedes M156 engine
  • The (W211) E320 CDI which has a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) 3.0-litre V6 common rail diesel engine (producing 224 hp or 167 kW), set three world endurance records. It covered 100,000 miles (160,000 km) in a record time, with an average speed of 224.823 km/h (139.70 mph). Three identical cars did the endurance run (one set above record) and the other two cars set world records for time taken to cover 100,000 kilometres (62,137 mi) and 50,000 miles (80,000 km) respectively. After all three cars had completed the run, their combined distance was 300,000 miles (480,000 km) (all records were FIA approved).[79][clarification needed]
  • Mercedes-Benz pioneered a system called Pre-Safe to detect an imminent crash – and prepares the car's safety systems to respond optimally. It also calculates the optimal braking force required to avoid an accident in emergency situations, and makes it immediately available for when the driver depresses the brake pedal. Occupants are also prepared by tightening the seat belt, closing the sunroof and windows, and moving the seats into the optimal position.
  • At 181 horsepower per litre, the M133 engine installed in Mercedes-Benz A45 AMG is the most powerful series production four-cylinder turbocharged motor (as of June 2013) and has one of the highest power density for a passenger vehicle.[80]
Half a century of vehicle safety innovation helped win Mercedes-Benz the Safety Award at the 2007 What Car? Awards.

Robot cars

Main article: Driverless car
In the 1980s, Mercedes built the world's first robot car, together with the team of Professor Ernst Dickmanns at Bundeswehr University Munich.[81] Partially encouraged by Dickmanns' success, in 1987 the European Union's EUREKA programme initiated the Prometheus Project on autonomous vehicles, funded to the tune of nearly €800 million. A culmination point was achieved in 1995, when Dickmanns' re-engineered autonomous S-Class Mercedes took a long trip from Munich in Bavaria to Copenhagen in Denmark, and back. On highways, the robot achieved speeds exceeding 175 km/h (109 mph) (permissible in some areas of the German Autobahn). The car's abilities has heavily influenced robot car research and funding decisions worldwide.
As for the future of Mercedes-Benz Robot Cars, in October 2015, the company introduced the Vision Tokyo, a five-seat electric van powered by a hybrid hydrogen fuel-cell systerm. The super-sleek van is touted as "a chill-out zone in the midst of megacity traffic mayhem." 

Tuners

Several companies have become car tuners (or modifiers) of Mercedes Benz, in order to increase performance and/or luxury to a given model.
AMG is Mercedes-Benz's in-house performance-tuning division, specialising in high-performance versions of most Mercedes-Benz cars. AMG engines are all hand-built,and each completed engine receives a tag with the signature of the engineer who built it. AMG has been wholly owned by Mercedes-Benz since 1999.The 2009 SLS AMG, a revival of the 300SL Gullwing, is the first car to be entirely developed by AMG.
There are numerous independent tuners including Brabus, Carlsson, Kleemann and Renntech.

Sponsorships


Mercedes-Benz is sponsoring the German national football team.
In football, Mercedes-Benz sponsors Germany National Football Team. Mercedes-Benz sponsors Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart and provides the naming rights for their stadium, the Mercedes-Benz Arena. The company also holds the naming rights to the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.On August 24, 2015, Mercedes-Benz was announced as the naming rights sponsor for the Atlanta Falcons' new home Mercedes-Benz Stadium, (Mercedes-Benz moved their US headquarters to the Atlanta area) scheduled to open in 2017.

See also

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    Fonte: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/classic/history/corporate-history/

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